What does Grisel syndrome primarily involve?

Grisel syndrome primarily involves ligamentous laxity at the C1-C2 level of the cervical spine. This condition typically occurs when there is an infection or inflammatory process that leads to instability in the upper cervical region, primarily affecting the ligaments that connect the first and second cervical vertebrae (the atlas and axis).

In Grisel syndrome, this laxity can result from conditions such as retropharyngeal abscess, which can provoke a reflexive muscle spasm and subsequent misalignment or movement of these vertebrae, leading to potential neurologic complications or other symptoms associated with cervical instability. The focus on the C1-C2 area is crucial, as this level of the spine is pivotal for the range of motion of the head and neck, and any compromise here can significantly affect overall cervical function and stability. Understanding this relationship is vital for diagnosing and managing conditions related to Grisel syndrome effectively.